Dijital Özgürlük - Temel İlkeler ve Kavramlar

Uzun bir süredir var olan internetin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, yeni bir hak biçimine de ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. İnternet büyümeye ve gelişmeye devam etti ve kullanıcıları çevrimiçi iken haklarının iyi bir şekilde korunmasına ihtiyaç duydu. Temel insan haklarının bu ihtiyacı tam olarak karşılamadığı düşünüldüğünde, dijital hakların icat edilmesi gerekti.

Dijital haklar ve dijital özgürlüğe ilişkin temel kavram ve ilkeler

The term digital rights include human rights that would allow Internet users to access, create, use, as well as freely publish digital media. This, of course, also includes the right to access and use electronic devices like computers, as well as entire communication networks.

Already existing rights like freedom of expression and the right to individual privacy were also included but in a completely new context. Finally, in the spirit of the modern age, the right to Internet access has also been recognized and listed as a basic human right by multiple countries’ law.

Digital freedom, therefore, includes the rights to have universal access to technology and information, as well as the aforementioned right to privacy, but also freedom of expression, opinion, and the right to innovation, creativity, as well as development.

Mısır gibi bazı ülkeler, bu hakları doğrudan etkileyecek diğer bazı ilgili faktörleri de dahil etmiştir. Bunlar, iletişim hizmetlerinin kalitesi, sürdürülebilirliği ve ilk etapta bunlara erişimin maliyeti gibi şeylerdir.

In fact, their paper on the issue includes digital privacy, as well as threats to the privacy of the citizens of this country, even when that threat comes from the government itself, or alternatively, from service providers, or malicious software.

Raporda ayrıca ifade özgürlüğünden de bahsedilmektedir. Bu, internetin ve çevrimiçi medyanın, kullanıcıların düşünce ve görüşlerini açıkça ifade edebilecekleri platformlara erişmelerini sağlayacak araçlar olarak kullanılmasını içermektedir. İfade özgürlüğü medya kurumlarını, grupları, gazetecileri ve bireysel kullanıcıları kapsamaktadır.

Çevrimiçi koruma kısa sürede bir gereklilik haline geldi

Daha önce de belirtildiği gibi, dijital özgürlük de dahil olmak üzere temel insan hakları, internet söz konusu olduğunda ilgili olarak kabul edilmiştir. Dijital özgürlük kavramına dahil edilen diğer haklardan bazıları eğitim hakkı, tüketici hakları, çok dillilik ve benzerleridir.

In order to provide these rights, the internet had to receive a new characterization as a public good on a global scale. As such, it must be accessible to everyone, and the rights of others need to be recognized and respected. This has also brought in the necessity to include rules that would allow or deny certain actions, in accordance with the offline laws. What this means is that, basically, what the law doesn’t allow outside of the internet, should not, and will not be tolerated online either.

Additionally, according to the Jesuit journal, there is a possibility of the abuse of freedom of expression. This abuse may come from individuals, as well as companies. Not only that, but there is a large potential of exploitation of computer and internet users for financial gain, not to mention repressive regimes that would hide or block information from the users. In order to combat these issues, a Charter of Human Rights for the Internet had to be organized.

The fact is that these rights need to be regularly checked and updated with the continuous development of the internet. This necessity was seen best during the seizure of Megaupload by the US government several years ago. Back then, the government argued that property rights were lost if the users choose to store their data on a cloud computing service, which earned them a lot of criticism by the EFF (Electronic Frontier Foundation).

Olumlu olan şey, giderek daha fazla ülkenin çeşitli dijital hak ve özgürlükleri dahil etme ihtiyacının farkına varması ve son yirmi yılda bu alanda çok fazla ilerleme kaydedilmiş olmasıdır. Bunların çoğu, internete, elektronik cihazlara ve benzerlerine erişimin herkes için geniş çapta erişilebilir olmasını sağlamaya yönelik çabaları içermektedir. Öte yandan, makul olmadığı düşünülen bazı kısıtlamaların önlenmesi ihtiyacı da ortaya çıkmıştır.

After multiple right charter suggestions, world summits regarding the internet and digital freedoms, Bills of Rights, and alike, the opinion of the public was asked as well. The Internet Society conducted an entire series of online interviews in over 20 countries, which included more than 10,000 users. The users were asked on their opinions on various issues regarding digital rights, like whether the access to the Internet should be considered a basic human right, and whether or not the user believe that the internet can help society.

The results of the study have shown that many believe that the internet is, in fact, a positive force in the world and that it should be decentralized, free, and protective of their users, just as the law protects them in the ‘real world’.

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