Your data faces a lot of risks, vulnerabilities, and threats every day – whether you are online or offline. A good majority of these threats are malware threats. Malware is the short form of malicious software. Malware is a software designed with the specific intent to harm your data and achieve something sinister either directly or indirectly. Most times, malware either delete your data, damages your systems or even keeps disrupting services across a network. There are many types of malware, and we are going to look at the most common ones in this article.
病毒
This is the most known type of malware. It is aptly named due to its similarities to the biological virus. In computers, viruses are malicious programs designed with various intents. They mostly alter/delete ones’ data and this could lead to a system crash. Viruses attach themselves to a host program, and when the program is launched, the viruses get executed. Due to the dependency from its host, viruses that are usually spread through downloads have various attachments.
蠕虫
蠕虫病毒是一种恶意软件，由于能够在网络上快速传播，并且长时间不被发现，因此被称为载体。正是由于这种能力，它才被称为蠕虫。蠕虫之所以危险，是因为它们可以自我复制，找到其他网络地址，甚至拥有一个工作文件。由于蠕虫在技术上是一种载体，因此通常会与各种有效载荷搭配使用，以造成危害，甚至使蠕虫立于不败之地。蠕虫本身会因快速复制而导致信息渠道崩溃。
勒索软件
这类恶意软件也是一种网络威胁，旨在破坏受害者的数据或为其创建者牟利；选择取决于受害者。就传播方式而言，勒索软件就像蠕虫病毒。一旦感染系统，它就会加密大部分用户数据，甚至锁定用户，然后索要赎金以换取解密密钥。如今，由于其匿名性，赎金要求使用加密货币发送。
特洛伊木马
我们都听说过希腊神话，其中描述了特洛伊战争期间，特洛伊城是如何因为一匹骗人的木马而陷落的。故事讲述了希腊军队如何躲在木马中，被特洛伊人带回城中。在计算机术语中，特洛伊木马恶意软件也有同样的作用。木马看似不起眼，但当它成功进入系统后，就会为更多有害的恶意软件进入系统创建后门。
间谍软件
As the name suggests, this is a type of malware that’s meant (well you guessed it) to spy on you. Spyware has the ability to monitor everything or something specific that you do on your computer. It tracks your internet behavior and records your keystrokes that can be decoded or interpreted to reveal your usernames and even passwords. It can also download other malware or programs without your permission. Spyware can be hard to detect since it hides inside legitimate programs.
广告软件
Adware can be seen as the least harmful malware as they concentrate on making a profit rather than deleting your system files. Sometimes they may cause your CPU to overheat and crash your system. Adware can be annoying since they bombard you with ads and banners in a scheduled period of let’s say after 10 minutes. The situation becomes more frustrating when your antivirus/antimalware software doesn’t find anything when you scan your system.
Most of the above malware is primarily spread via the internet. To avoid them, always be cautious regarding what you download online.
