Your data faces a lot of risks, vulnerabilities, and threats every day – whether you are online or offline. A good majority of these threats are malware threats. Malware is the short form of malicious software. Malware is a software designed with the specific intent to harm your data and achieve something sinister either directly or indirectly. Most times, malware either delete your data, damages your systems or even keeps disrupting services across a network. There are many types of malware, and we are going to look at the most common ones in this article.
病毒
This is the most known type of malware. It is aptly named due to its similarities to the biological virus. In computers, viruses are malicious programs designed with various intents. They mostly alter/delete ones’ data and this could lead to a system crash. Viruses attach themselves to a host program, and when the program is launched, the viruses get executed. Due to the dependency from its host, viruses that are usually spread through downloads have various attachments.
蠕蟲
蠕蟲是一種惡意軟體，由於它們能夠在網路中快速傳播並且長時間未被檢測到，因此充當載體。正是由於這種能力，它才得名蠕蟲。蠕蟲的危險之處在於它們可以自我複製，找到其他網路位址，甚至有一個工作檔。由於蠕蟲在技術上是載體，因此它們通常與各種有效載荷設計配對，以造成傷害甚至使蠕蟲立於不敗之地。蠕蟲本身可能會因其快速複製而導致資訊通道崩潰。
勒索軟體
這種類型的惡意軟體也是一種網路威脅，旨在破壞受害者的數據或為其建立者牟利;選擇取決於受害者。勒索軟體在傳播方式方面就像蠕蟲。一旦它感染了系統，它就會加密大部分用戶數據，甚至將使用者鎖定，然後要求贖金以換取解密密鑰。如今，由於其匿名性質，請求的付款是使用加密貨幣發送的。
特洛伊木馬
我們都聽說過希臘神話，描繪了特洛伊城如何在特洛伊戰爭期間因一匹欺騙性的木馬而淪陷。這個故事重述了希臘軍隊如何躲在特洛伊人帶回城市的木馬中。在計算機術語中，特洛伊木馬惡意軟體執行相同的操作。特洛伊木馬可能看起來不可疑，但當它成功進入系統時，它會創建一個後門，讓更多有害的惡意軟體進入您的系統。
間諜軟體
As the name suggests, this is a type of malware that’s meant (well you guessed it) to spy on you. Spyware has the ability to monitor everything or something specific that you do on your computer. It tracks your internet behavior and records your keystrokes that can be decoded or interpreted to reveal your usernames and even passwords. It can also download other malware or programs without your permission. Spyware can be hard to detect since it hides inside legitimate programs.
廣告軟體
Adware can be seen as the least harmful malware as they concentrate on making a profit rather than deleting your system files. Sometimes they may cause your CPU to overheat and crash your system. Adware can be annoying since they bombard you with ads and banners in a scheduled period of let’s say after 10 minutes. The situation becomes more frustrating when your antivirus/antimalware software doesn’t find anything when you scan your system.
Most of the above malware is primarily spread via the internet. To avoid them, always be cautious regarding what you download online.
