The need for online privacy and anonymity increases by the day, as people understand not only the benefits of keeping their content away from the public eye but also the consequences of continuous surveillance.
当然，有些网民并不介意别人偷看他们的内容，但如今，大多数网上 "冲浪者 "都意识到了完全公开个人信息可能带来的影响。
一般来说（也是最理想的情况），每个用户都可以无限制地访问网络，并且知道自己没有被任何第三方监视。然而，情况并非总是如此，因为一些国家拥有高度发达的监控和情报机构，还有一些互联网巨头（例如谷歌和 Facebook）会收集他们可能接触到的任何有用数据。
The lack of privacy can also bring other consequences and unwanted situations in your life. But first, let’s define what Internet Privacy truly means.
什么是互联网隐私？
Online or Internet privacy is the right people have for not disclosing what they do on the web. That includes the sites they visit, for how long they stay there, and what kind of data they share.
互联网隐私是指任何用户都没有义务在网上分享、披露、再利用、存储、提供给第三方和显示信息。隐私通常与安全相关，但两者并不一定相同：如果一个人认为某些数据是合理或私密的，那么他就应该能够抵御第三方或外部代理的访问。
有哪些互联网隐私风险？
- Social Media: Posting an innocent picture on your Facebook or Instagram account, or tweeting your current location, may derive in unwanted scenarios in which your privacy gets compromised. Once they hit the web, virtually anyone could have access to personal information about you, so keep an eye on what you publish!
- Internet Service Providers: The companies that provide Internet to you have the ability to collect logs of your data. They can save your browsing history, your connection time, the IP addresses you visit, and more. More importantly, they can incur privacy breaches at any given moment, because ISPs can make their information available to government authorities upon request.
- Phishing: It is a hacking attack that involves malicious people making others believe they are influential brands or companies in order to trick them into providing critical personal or financial information (a credit card number, a password, or a security PIN.)
- 网络钓鱼：与网络钓鱼相同，但通过传统的短信服务（SMS）进行。
- Pharming: A hacking attack in which the cybercriminal manages to redirect a legitimate website visitor to another IP address.
- Spyware: A dangerous hacking situation involving the use of innocent people’s data without their consent. The data is acquired thanks to an application that functions offline.
- 恶意软件：包括计算机病毒、木马、蠕虫、勒索软件等。恶意软件会对人们的计算机或系统造成破坏。
如何保护互联网隐私
- 数据加密
使用VPN或其他加密工具（如代理服务器或智能 DNS 服务）是保护隐私的有力第一步。黑客利用未加密的连接和通信来造成破坏，并窃取受害者的密码和财务信息，但如果对内容进行加密，就很难做到这一点。
Windows 有多种加密工具，如 BitLocker 和 HTTPS Everywhere。然而，VPN 是非常好的工具，因为它们可以建立一个虚拟隧道来重新路由流量和位置信息，这样任何人都无法访问它们。它们还提供匿名性，并能解除对国际服务和网页的封锁。
- 不使用 GPS 和 WiFi 时禁用它们
Public Wi-Fi networks can save your life in a moment of desperation, but the truth is that they are one of the most commonly used environments by hackers to perform their shady activities. If you aren’t using your wireless connectivity features, turn them off to avoid any unwanted data sharing.
GPS 资源也有类似的情况。举例来说，这些资源可以很好地帮助您在未知城市中导航，但如果它们没有被使用，最好还是不要激活，因为它们会在您不知情的情况下公布您当前的位置。
- 使用 Tor 网络
The “Incognito Mode” in the Chrome browser can hide the traffic history from your household members, but not from your ISP. So, if you want full anonymity, you may be best served using the Tor network.
它可能会严重降低网速，但却是获得完全隐私浏览体验的最可行的替代方案之一。它是免费的，使用基于节点的加密网络来隐藏你在网上生成的内容。
- 禁用网络摄像头和麦克风
As incredible as it may sound, some hackers have developed the ability to remotely spy on users via their webcams. You can implement the extremely non-tech solution of taping over it. You should also deactivate your microphone to avoid any unwanted third parties from spying on your conversations.
您还可以使用其他小贴士来增强您的网络隐私：
- 使用防病毒或防恶意软件。
- 使用防火墙。
- 不要在不可靠的网页上进行网上购物。
- 谨慎对待在低安全性网站上共享的数据。
- 相对频繁地清除浏览器的缓存和历史记录。
- 潇洒地管理密码，让它们极难破译。
- 只访问 HTTPS 网站，避免访问 HTTP 网站。
