Internet threats and vulnerabilities are risks every internet user should be ready to encounter, mitigate, and even avoid. Most of the vulnerabilities arise from various factors, but many are due to weaker internet security and poor privacy protection mechanisms. To prevent this, many internet users around the world are using anonymizers and VPNs for internet security and privacy.
用於隱私的 VPN
A VPN achieves privacy by changing your IP address – the unique numeric address that identifies a device on a network. A VPN does this by assigning you a virtual IP address when you connect to one of the VPN servers. With the virtual IP address, any tracking and identification will end at the VPN’s doors.
IP 洩漏及其發生方式
簡而言之，IP洩漏是在某些給定情況下暴露您的遮罩IP的情況。即使您受到VPN的保護，也有很多方式會發生IP洩漏。我們將研究三個主要問題;
- WebRTC錯誤
Web即時通信（WebRTC）是瀏覽器用來通過聊天，視頻通話甚至檔共用實現即時通信的介面或標準。除了有用之外，WebRTC本身就是一個缺陷，攻擊者或任何試圖窺探您的人都可以利用它。這是因為，為了進行WebRTC通信，即使使用VPN或任何匿名器，網站也可以直接確定設備的實際IP位址。為了防止此IP洩漏，您必須在瀏覽器中禁用webRTC服務。此錯誤會影響Google Chrome，Mozilla Firefox和Opera瀏覽器。
- IPv4 和 IPv6 DNS 洩漏
Internet Protocol Version 4(IPv4) is an addressing standard that is used to define devices on the internet based on their IP addresses. Since the internet has been expanding, IPv4 addressing was getting maxed out hence another standard, IPv6 was put in place. When using a service such as a VPN to hide your IP address, the operating system (OS) can get confused when sending IPv4 requests. This confusion makes the OS resolve the issue by using the default DNS server sometimes the one offered by your ISP, and this leads to a leak.
IPv6洩漏也會發生，但不是由於操作系統，而是因為大多數VPN不支持它們，因此無法通過隧道傳輸IPv6請求。您的ISP最終為他們提供服務，這也會導致洩漏。
- 斷開的 VPN 連接
This is the simplest form of IP leaks, and it happens when your VPN connection drops. When this happens, it is as if you are surfing the internet normally and anybody can see your IP address. To avoid this, use a kill switch. Most VPNs provide this feature, and it cuts all the outbound/inbound traffic when a VPN connection drops.
從上述方式中，很難知道您是否遭受了IP洩漏。但不用擔心，您可以使用一個簡單的程式來瞭解您的IP是否已洩露。按以下步驟進行;
- Before using any VPN or anonymizer, go to any website that checks for IP addresses and writes your own down.
- 現在連接到VPN伺服器，然後重新訪問IP網站，看看顯示的IP位址。它應該自動成為與您連接的伺服器對應的伺服器。
如果 步驟 2 中顯示的 IP 位址與您的 VPN 分配的 IP 位址相似，則您的 IP 不會洩漏。如果它與 步驟 1 中的連接相同，則您的 VPN 連接尚未通過，或者您的 IP 位址正在洩漏。
